Thứ Tư, 30 tháng 5, 2012

Rice Vs. Pho - Just The Old Vietnamese Debate

Bill Hayton did not fail to stress times and times again the importance of rice to Vietnamese people in his new piece "Vietnam - The Rising Dragon". Now we question, can rice maintains its superiority, in the face of "pho" and - well, KFC - , in the setting of a fast changing Vietnamese culture and lifestyle today?


Vietnamese civilization and even the current population of almost 90 million people are based on the cultivation of rice. And yet according to a recent report, the rice element in a traditional meal is quickly replaced by meat, vegetables and other food items. More Pho restaurants are spring up in every street corner from the North to the South, which can partially reflect a rising demand. This Vietnamese "fast food", on another note, is made known to the world, at a much faster rate than rice dishes. Is "pho" or "com" more preferred by the new Vietnamese? 
Trung Vu and Duong Nguyen both take sides in the debate.
Duong Nguyen - The Rice Party Leader!
1. Simple, healthy and economical
Vietnamese Rice Bowl
It is no more than a piece of cake to make a hot and appetizing bowl of rice. Just clean rice, add water and boil it until it is well done. With a few of processing stages needed, a bowl of rice could be made within 20 minutes, maintaining its nutrients and inherent flavor. The elegantly rustic aroma of rice paddy fields, the sweetness and purity of water and the full vitality of sunshine seem to be condensed in just tiny white rice grains, sticky and subtly sweet to bring us a close-to-nature flavor and an amazingly healthy dish.
As an excellent source of carbohydrates - which makes up the majority of nutrition intake, rice provides enough energy for people for all day long, not to mention its richness of vitamins and minerals at the cost much lower than you could expect. Pho, believe it or not, can be categorized as a processed food and you never know what additive people put into Pho while making the noodle, the meat and the broth.
2. A good companion
Almost dishes of Vietnam culinary are full of spice, so it is hard to enjoy 3 to 4 dishes at once as the combination of too many strong flavors could produce adverse impacts on the quality of the meal. It is the reason why the appearance of a gently tasty dish as rice is needed. Imagine serving pho with spring rolls, hm, I am not sure what to think about that.
In daily meal, Vietnamese will eat each main dish with rice, which is widely known as the ideal way to enhance the taste of main dishes as well as enrich the flavor of rice. What’s more, when people tend to get bored with eating too much food which is high in oil, fat, salt and protein, the appearance of a light dish as rice could be such a new wind whetting up your appetite and helping you savor your meal to the utmost.
3. Cannot be fed up with and cannot live without it
Supposedly, you are in love with Vietnamese spring rolls and are able to deal with maybe 20 rolls, for example. But whether or not you could eat spring rolls at least twice a day and continue to do it for a month or even a year is certainly a big question mark. After a month, you surely drop Vietnamese spring roll into your never-eat-again list soon. What about rice?
Do you know when Vietnamese people started to eat rice as an integral dish in their daily meal? It was thousands of years ago when the rice-based civilization marked the beginning of Vietnam history and Vietnam society, just as you grow up in wheat. And until now, hardly can you find rice absent from a daily meal of Vietnamese people. Rice has such a magnificent magic that should you eat it regularly, you are likely to be addicted to it by nature. Nothing special, nothing impressive, very simple and rustic, rice is mouthwatering and invincible due to its hidden charm and so does its country. Well, if you still do not believe it, look at the diet of Chinese, Japan, Korea and Thai!

Trung Vu - It's time to move on to PHO!
Vietnamese noodle
Pho, one of the most popular dishes of Vietnam, can be a perfect meal for people. With the beefy broth, soft noodle, tasty beef or chicken slices, fresh vegetables and onions, pho can cure the hunger quickly and give you a pho-filling feel for the whole day. Nowadays there are more and more people dropping the habit of eating rice for daily meals and shifting to Pho. They have some good reasons for this.
1. Better taste, easy to consume and save time on washing dishes
Pho’s taste is surely better than the bland rice, especially in winter. The broth, the beef/chicken slices, the noodles and the vegetables/onion makes a perfect combination. Moreover, Pho nowadays is served with youtiao (quay) very crispy and tasty. Another good point is Pho restaurants are very popular in the streets (even at midnight) with reasonable price (VND 25,000-VND 30,000/bowl) and customers do not need to worry about cooking and cleaning the bowls and dishes. Imagine how many dishes, bowls AND pots you have to wash after a small rice-involved meals?
Pho is a complete food, in a sense that it has a rich source of protein, vitamin and reasonable carb proportion. (Watch out dieter!) Certainty Pho is easier to consume in hot weather for its abundant broth, like in the summer, compare to rice, bun and bread. Nevertheless, the vegetables served with Pho are wide in range and fresh. Vietnamese usually eat Pho with cilantro, bean sprout, basil, lime, green onion, which helps to reduce the greasiness in taste of beef/chicken and broth (which was well-cooked with bones).
2. Variety in flavours, less eating time: 
Pho takes many different forms: fried pho (pho xao), deep-fried pho (pho ran), rolled pho (pho cuon – an uncut piece of noodle covers beef, onions, herbs and vegetables, favourited by many youngsters). Recently, pho with beef au “vin” (pho sot vang) has also been introduced. With this wide range in pho preparation, you will stand no chance in getting tired of pho, like you do it with "com" (Just so you know, "Chan Com Them Pho" is a popular VIetnamese proverb).
Secondly, Pho is flexible in term of flavours. Customers are free to change from beef to chicken, from regular pho to fried pho, or from pho with normal broth to pho with beef au “vin”. Thirdly, Pho is easier to consume and have the advantage about time, which the modern Vietnamese are all in urgent need. Eating a pho bowl just take about 15-20 minutes, compared to having rice, which can take up to an hour for slow eaters.
3. Pho consumption is a social activities:
Having a pho bowl with friends is a popular habit. It’s also the chance for people to meet and chat with each other. It also increases the social network among populations, and strengthens the relationship between colleagues, classmates and family members. I have not heard much about colleagues going out for a breakfast with Com as yet, for my entire life in Vietnam.
Moreover, Pho is a very traditional food of Vietnam. Eating pho is a cultural activity which helps maintain the traditional norm of Vietnamese. (see how Chinese, Korean, Japanese and Thai all eat rice?). I mean, Pho is almost a status or indicator for a modern world now.
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I guess it's a never-ending story, just like the Hanoi or Saigon debate. The fast-changing Vietnam has seen split in the population, one nostalgic for the tradition an one eager to welcome what is new, fast and convenient. More debates to follow...
(www.viettravelgate.com)

The Legendary Origins of the Viet People


Thousands of years ago in the country of Linh Nam, there lived a clan chief with superhuman strength called Loc Tuc who took the title of King Kinh Duong. Endowed with magical powers, he could walk as easily on water as on land.
Oneday, during a walk on Lake Dong Dinh, he met Long Nu, daughter of King Long Vuong (Dragon). From their union, a son was born who received the name Sung Lam. As he grew up, Sung Lam revealed his herculean strength, lifting a stone block like a piece of straw that two men could not manage to encircle with their arms. Sung Lam also inherited the supernatural gifts of his father, succeeded him as leader of the country under the name Lac Long Quan (Dragon, King of the Country of the Lac).
At this time, there was neither order nor peace in Linh Nam and King Lac Long resolved to travel his country from north to south.
The Giant Fish
The grant fishThus it was that one day he met a fish of extraordinary size in the southern waters. Measuring over hundred feet in length, its tail stood up like a huge sail. It could swallow more than ten men in a single mouthful. When it swam, it raised waves sky-high and boats gliding in the vicinity were at risk of being swept away. The fishermen were very afraid of the demon-fish. It lived in a deep cavern leading to the bottom of the sea and an opening on top of a mountain chain that divided the country into two zones.
King Lac Long wanted to rid the people of this threatening danger. He made a solid boat and forged a block of iron with sharp, white-hot sides. Then he sailed toward the demon's abode. Raising the block above his head, he gave the beast the illusion of throwing a man at him as bait. Then he thrust the burning metal into the enormous open mouth of the creature. Mad with pain, the monster rose up, trying to overturn the boat. But quick as lightning, Lac Long sliced the monster into three pieces with his sword.
At once, the head turned into a dogfish and Lac Long started tearing up lumps of the shore and made a dike to keep the animal from escaping. Cutting off the head, he threw it onto the mountain that has ever since been called Cau Dau Son (Mountain of the Dog's Head).
The body was carried away by the current and landed in the country of Man Cau. As for the tail, skinned by Lac Long, it still envelops the island of Bach Long Vi (Tail of the White Dragon).
Having delivered the area of its monster, King Lac Long pursued his route as far as Long Vien. A task awaited him there.
The Nine-Tailed Fox
The Nine-Tailed FoxThere was a fox who was more than a thousand years old. He had nine tails and he hid himself in an obscure grotto at the foot of a mountain on the west side of the city. This evil spirit often assumed a human form to mingle with the crowd and to carry away young girls whom he kidnapped for his lair. In the region stretching from Long Bien to Tan Vien Mountain, all the families had, alas, paid their "tribute" to this ignoble being. The population lived in a permanent state of terror. Many were those, who abandoning house, fields and gardens, had carried their households elsewhere.
King Lac Long was filled with deep pity and decided to get rid of this monster as well. Alone and armed with his sword, he went toward the entrance to the grotto. On seeing him, the enemy attacked. Using his magic power, Lac Long called winds, rain and storms to his aid. The fight lasted three days and nights.
Weakened, the monster tried to flee. The king pursued it and cut off its head. Then the monster took its original form and only the body of a nine-tailed fox remained at Lac Long's feet. Entering the grotto, the king released the prisoners, then called on the water powers to destroy this cursed place. The river flowed there in cascading torments, raking the mountain. Whirlwinds produced a deep abyss that the people of the time called "Sea of the Fox's Body" and which is now called Tay Ho (West Lake in Hanoi).
The liberated population returned to their homes and replanted their fields. Peace reigned throughout the region and Lac Long returned to the road through the hills and forests. Thus he came one day to Phong Chau.
The Evil Genie of the Forest
The Evil Genie of the Forest There was an old tree called Chien don in the region that was two thousand feet tall, but its formerly luxuriant foliage was withered. The old tree had then been changed into an evil genie of the woods. The inhabitants of the area called it the Demon Tree. It was wicked and played diabolical tricks, ceaselessly changing forms and moving its lair to better surprise its prey and devour it. Continued heart-rending cries and complaints were heard in the forest.
Lac Long left once more to fight against evil. For days and nights, he sneaked in and out of the forest looking from tree to tree for the demon; after much difficulty, he managed to find it.
The fight lasted one hundred days and nights. Thousands of trees were uprooted, innumerable rocks split in half and clouds of dust obscured the sky and land without the evil spirit giving up. Finally, Lac Long had a brilliant idea. He made such a huge noise with gongs, tom-toms and other musical instruments that the terrified demon fled toward the southwest where he no doubt lives today!
The grateful people built a fortress for their benefactor on a high mountain. But Lac Long rarely stayed there, spending part of his life in his mother's submarine palace. However, he had instructed the people to call him if any danger whatsoever menaced them again.
At this time, a northern chieftain called De Lai invaded the south. His gorgeous daughter, Au Co, of a singular beauty, accompanied him. Dazzled by the splendor of the land and the rich variety of the fauna and flora of Linh Nam, he ordered his troops to build a fortress with the aim of settling down there. Unable to endure the heavy work faced by their invader, they turned toward the south to appeal to Lac Long,
"Oh Father! Why do you not come to our aid?"
From the Hundred Eggs to the Eighteen Hung Kings
In the twinkling of an eye, Lac Long came back. He listened to the complaints of his subjects and then suddenly, he changed into the shape of handsome young man and went off to the invader's fortress. The latter was not there; instead, there was an extraordinarily beautiful young girl surrounded by servants and soldiers. It was Au Co.
Captivated by the majesty and distinction of the young prince, she implored him to take her away. And Lac Long escorted her to his mountain fortress. When the invader returned to his home and found his daughter gone, De Lai sent hundreds of soldiers to look for her. But day after day, with his powers, Lac Long was able to cause thousands of savage beasts to be born that thwarted and attacked the enemy troops. Panic-stricken, the invaders fled and their chieftain finally had to withdraw to the north.
Au Co lived with Lac Long for some time and became pregnant. She gave birth to a pouch filled with one hundred eggs, each of which produced a baby boy at the end of seven days. These hundred boys grew amazingly fast and became handsome men surpassing those of the same age in physical strength and intelligence.
For dozens of years, the couple lived in the most complete harmony. But Lac Long always had nostalgia for the submarine palace. One day he said goodbye to his wife and children and, transforming himself into a dragon, took off toward the sea. Au Co and her sons wanted to follow him but, not being able to fly, they sadly took the mountain road again. Days full of sadness passed without news of him. Upset by the memory of her loved one, Au Co stood on the highest summit and turned toward the south. Anguishly, she cried out,
"Oh Lac Long, why don't you return home?"
And Lac Long was immediately at her side. Au Co reproached him softly
"I am a native of the high mountains and large grottos. I have brought a hundred sons into the world in order to live with you in perfect harmony, but this still has not stopped you from leaving us."
Lac Long replied,
"I am of the Dragon race, you are of the Immortals. We cannot live together. We must separate. I am going to leave for the maritime regions with fifty of our children and you will go with the other fifty to the country of the mountains and the forests. We still divide this country between us to run it as best we can."
And they separated. Thus, the hundred boys became the ancestors of the Viets. Only the eldest lived in the Phong Chau and was proclaimed King as Hung Vuong (King Hung). He divided the country into fifteen provinces, each being the cradle of a tribe. Eighteen Hung kings succeeded him on the throne.
The story of Lac Long and Au Co is at the origin of popular beliefs that the Viets are descended from the race of the Dragons and the Tien.

Family and Social Culture



Before the late 1980s, nearly all Vietnamese people lived in villages, and the cultivation of wet rice was the principal economic activity. The basic component of rural society was the nuclear family, composed of parents and unwed children.
Respect for parents and ancestors is a key virtue in Vietnam. The oldest male in the family is the head of the family and the most important family member. His oldest son is the second leader of the family. Sometimes, related families live together in a big house and help each other. The parents chose their children's marriage partners based on who they think is best suited for their child. When people die, their families honor their ancestors on the day of their death by performing special ceremonies at home or at temples and by burning incense and fake money for the one who died.
 
The Vietnamese believed that by burning incense, their ancestors could protect them and their family from danger and harm. Days before the ceremony starts, the family has to get ready, because they won't have enough time to get ready when the guests arrive and the ceremony starts. Usually the women cook and prepare many special kinds of food, like chicken, ham, pork, rice, and many more including dessert.
While the women are busy cooking, the men are busy fixing up and cleaning up the house, so it won't be messy and dirty because of all the relatives of the person that died will come for the ceremony and show honor and respect to that person. Families venerated their ancestors with special religious rituals. The houses of the wealthy were constructed of brick, with tile roofs. Those of the poor were bamboo and thatch. Rice was staple food for the vast majority, garnished with vegetables and, for those who could afford it, meat and fish.
 
The French introduced Western values of individual freedom and sexual quality, which undermined and the traditional Vietnamese social system. In urban areas, Western patterns of social behavior became increasingly common, especially among educated and wealthy Vietnamese attended French schools, read French books, replaced traditional attire with Western-style clothing, and drank Frech wines instead of the traditional wine distilled from rice. Adolescents began to resist the tradition of arranged marriages, and women chafed under social mores that demanded obedience to their fathers and husbands. In the countryside, however, traditional Vietnamese family values remained strong.
The trend toward adopting Western values continues in South Vietnam afterthe the divisionof the country in 1954. Many young people embraced sexual freedom and the movies, clothing styles, and  rock music from Western cultures became popular. But in the North, social ethnics were defined by Vietnam Communist Party’s principles. The government officially recognized equality of the sexes, and women began to obtain employment in professions previously dominated by men. At the same time, the government began enforcing a more puritanical lifestyle as a means to counter the so-called decadent practices of Western society. Traditional values continued to hold sway in rural areas and countryside, where the concept of male superiority remained common.
In the 1980s, the Vietnamese government adopted an economic reform program that freely from free  market principles and encouraged foriegn investment and tourism development. As a result, the Vietnamese people have become increasingly acquainted with and influenced by the lifestyles in  developed countries of South East Asia and the West.

Meaning of the Vietnamese New Year


The festival which best epitomizes Vietnam's cultural identity is Vietnamese New Year or Tet. Popular festivals play a major role as mirror and guardian of a nation's cultural identity. In this aspect, the festival which best epitomizes Vietnam's cultural identity is Tet.
Vietnamese New Year
Although endowed with honorable credentials, the New Year by Solar Calendar has not succeeded in becoming accredited in Vietnam, at least not in the countryside. People pay it polite homage countryside but reserve their heart and soul for their own traditional Vietnamese New Year.

"Tet" is a word of Chinese Origin. It is the phonetic deformation of "Tiet", a Sino Vietnamese term which means "Joint of a bamboo stern" and in a wider sense, the "beginning of a period of the year". The passage from one period to the next may cause a meteorological disturbance (heat, rain, mist) that must be exercised by ritual sacrifices and festivities. Thus, there are many Tets throughout the year (Mid-autumn Vietnamese New Year, Cold Food Vietnamese New Year, etc.). The most significant of all is "Vietnamese New Year Ca" ("Big Vietnamese New Year" or simply "Vietnamese New Year"), which marks the Lunar New Year.
Vietnamese New Year occurs somewhere in the last ten days of January or the first twenty days of February, nearly halfway between winter solstice and spring equinox. Although the Lunar New Year is observed throughout East Asia, each country celebrates Vietnamese New Year in its own way in conformity with its own national psyche and cultural conditions.
For the Vietnamese people, Vietnamese New Year is like a combination of Western Saint Sylvester, New Year's Day, Christmas, Easter and Thanksgiving. It is the festival of Purity and Renewal.

Nature always renews its youth, returning to its primary purity and freshness. People, who are part of Nature, follow the same course.

Vietnamese New Year, the first day of spring, carries with it all the rebirth connotations that Easter has in the West. In the course of this period of universal renewal and rejuvenation, the Vietnamese feel the spring sap welling up within them. This feeling has given rise to special customs: every deed during the three days of Vietnamese New Year should be well intentioned and finely realized, for it symbolizes and forecasts actions during the coming twelve months. One abstains from getting cross, from using bad language. The most shrewish mother-in-law smokes the pipe of peace with her daughter-in-law. Quarrelling husbands and wives bury their hatchets. Children promise to be good, grown-ups hand the children gifts, which are often coins wrapped in scarlet paper since red is the color of luck luck. The children are happy to get new clothes. Beggars are given alms. The "new" world must be the best of the worlds. Once the holy resting time is over, activities resume with a new frame of mind after inaugurating ceremonies: "inauguration of the seals" for civil servants, "inauguration of the pen-brush" for scholars and students, "inauguration of the shop" for traders.

For the Vietnamese, Vietnamese New Year brings a message of confidence in humanity; it brings redemption, hope and optimism.

10 Vienamese Specialties Worthy of Royalty


The unique setting of the land has long allowed Vietnamese to craft many fine cuisines. Some of the food have that utmost honor above all else. Once meant for kings and queens, these dishes contain vast nutritious amount and exhibit extremely fine exquisite tastes. These were once themselves the royalties of Vietnamese food. Following are the 10 most outstanding of such food.
1. Banh Phu The (Husband and wife pie):
Being the homeland of the Ly dynasty, Dinh Bang (which belongs to Tu Son, Bac Ninh province) is often seen as a royal origin. This is also where one such specialty comes from. The husband-and-wife pies later on follow the royal families to the new capital of Hue. As the name suggests, these don’t come as individuals but in pair. Wrapped in dried banana leaves, the yellow pies shine brightly in contrast with the brown of the leaves. The rice in turn wraps around a core of a mixture of finely grinded green beans, sugar, and sometimes coconut shreds. Its sweetness is meant to symbolize the love of the couple.
Banh Phu The Vietnam
2. West Lake Coot:
The Eurasian coot once was a staple in the menu of Vietnamese royalties, and had earned its name in the old Hanoian verse “Pickle of La, basil of Lang, ngo (rice paddy herb) of Dam, tilapia of Dam Set and coot of West lake”. Folk tale has that while these birds are migrating to their winter homes, they stop at high peaks in China and Korea, dig out and consume the precious ginseng, hence the name “sam cam”, which literally translates to “ginseng bird”. For such reason, these coots are believed to be an extremely healthy food. It is also a favorite of the Emperor Tu Duc. Rumor has that the village of Nghi Tam, which resides next to the famous lake where the birds stay during the winter, must pay a tribune of 40-50 coots every year to the Emperor, or face severe punishment. These birds have been hunted intensively in Vietnam, and it is difficult to catch sight of one these days.
Westlake Coot
3. Anh Vu Carp:
If coot is the pride of the west lake residents, anh vu carp is the trademark of the Bach Hac confluence (in Viet Tri, Phu Tho province). Its meat is firm, white and tasty. The most notable feature of the fish is the lips, which are adjoined with the mutated whiskers. Both its meat and especially the lips are highly prized and the fish is said to taste better than any other freshwater one. Much like the ill-fated coot, it is unlikely that one will get to eat the royal carp in present day Vietnam.
4. Longan and Lotus Seed:
One would wonder what dessert is worthy of the royal family. Among the kings’ personal picks would be lotus seed longan. The longan that is used for the king’s dinner comes specifically from the town of Hien in Hung Yen province, which has a distinctive and elegant aroma, a thick, juicy and firm meat that is often sweeter than any other elsewhere. The longan is still highly sought after today and commands a premium price.
Lotus Seed Longan
5. Dong Cao Chicken:
Hung Yen also has another specialty besides its beloved longan. The Dong Cao chicken is a unique species that for some reason the purebred only resides in the district of Khoai Chau. It is called “elephant footed” bird, perhaps not surprisingly considering it has a gigantic pair of walkers. The bird is tough, strong and comes on the heavy side, often reaching as much as the turkey’s realm of 15lbs. It is rather very difficult to raise, requiring intensive care from knowledgeable farmers. The meat, on the contrary with other birds, gets better as the chicken ages and possesses a highly unique and favorable taste. The menu is very typical, with the exception of the proudly titled “dragon slow cooked with herb”, with “dragon’s meat” is indeed the giant walkers. The bird has been cross bred throughout to improve others, and purebred is very rare these days. Owners often refuse to sell them and some are rumored to have built underground pens for their beloved chickens to keep them when the flu hits.
Dong Cao Chicken
6. Ngu Banana:
In the time of the Tran dynasty, which many historians refer as the most glorious time in the history of Vietnam, many high officials and royal family members come from Nam Dinh province. To pay tribute to the wise and benevolent rulers, the people of Nam Dinh have come up with a unique gift that is Ngu banana. Still available today, the fruit is rather tiny, has a silky smooth yellow skin, a pleasant aroma and a seducing sweetness onto them. Adaptability has proven futile, for somehow the banana only yields to the love of the homeland of Tran kings.
Ngu Banana
7. Early Green Rice (Com Vong):
Early green rice, or com, of Vong is another specialty of Thang Long, which has already been around for over 1000 years. It is first tributed to the Ly emperors. Today, most can catch a com snack at street vendors in the old quarter of Hanoi every fall. Locals can chose to eat com just by itself, with banana or make a type of sticky rice. It is also the main ingredient of the famous Hang Than “com” pie.
Com Vong
8. Shrimp paste of Ha Yen
Shrimp paste is a delicacy of the lowland and once often sent as tribute to the king. To make this fine rare sauce, local officials often have to dispatch men to the Gia Gia area of Co Dam village (present day Bim Son) to fish for a specific type of small shrimp, which comes in the color of bluish pale grey. The cook is carefully selected among the bests in the area. Once finished the paste has a faint yellow shine and as thick as good honey. The food does not survive until this day.
Shrimp paste
9. Water Spinach (Rau Muong):
Being a peasant’s food, water spinach is an unlikely candidate for the king’s menu. However, the fine spinach of Linh Chieu area (Phuc Tho district, Hanoi) was once a favorite of palace diners, with its soft texture and delicate taste. It was indeed called the king’s spinach. To maintain its famous characteristics, the vegetable is raised with a great deal of effort and care: farmers have to cultivate near the soft-soiled bank of Red river to make use of the constant flow and for the plant to take in the alluvium. With so much effort going into raising an often-considered inexpensive type of vegetable, these days the plant is hard to come by.
Vietnam Water Spinach
10. Swallow Bird Nest (To Yen):
Created from the saliva of the swallow, the bird nest is one unique delicacy which has a favorable taste and high nutrition value. Nests have often been harvested from the offshore islands of Khanh Hoa province. This is once reserved for the absolute majesties only, for they are extremely difficult to harvest in vast amount and the job is a highly dangerous one. These days the delicacy has somehow come closer to the enjoyment of the mass, since natives have learnt to farm the birds.
Swallow Bird Nest
* This article was translated and adapted from Dat Viet magazine, photos taken from Google.

Top Five Beaches in the Northern of Vietnam


Vietnam is favored by the Mother Nature to have a long coast of 3.444km. From the North to the South, there are numbers of beautiful beaches that have been famous not only within Vietnam but also all over the world. In this Best of Vietnam guide, we’ll look at the 5 best beaches near Hanoi.
Though labelled "Best", we must caution you that far from beaches in the South, though in the North does not offer much blue water and diverse range of water-based activities. The coastal area in the North may not live up to your expectation if you were once to Nha Trang or My Khe beach. However, if you really crave for some salted water and open air, they will do the job.  
1. Bai Chay Beach (Quang Ninh)
Bai Chay Beach
Bai Chay Beach is located in Quang Ninh Province, around 100km to the Northeast of Hanoi. The most interesting part is the beach is actually artificial, which is 500m long and 1000m wide. The beach is surrounded by a range of hill, covered with a thin forest of pine tree. Near the area is a number of hotels and resort with different type of architecture.
Bai Chay is crowed all the time during summer due to its near distance from the capital city and several Northern Province. Visitors coming there may have chance to taste the most fresh sea-foods in luxury restaurants, visit international entertaining parks or take part in exciting services like water scooters wave surfing.
One small tip, if you want a more deserted beach area, is to book a Halong Bay cruise tour to see Titop island - the water is much calmer and much less polluted. Another ideal option is to go 1 hour further to Van Don beach, a hidden gem of Halong Bay caves and bay complex that not many have discovered.
2. Tuan Chau Beach (Ha Long)
Tuan Chau
Tuan Chau Sea lies on Tuan Chau Island, overlooking Ha Long Bay – one of 7 new natural wonders of the world is undoubtedly an indispensable destination. The beach here can serve a large scale of swimmer with its coast expanding more than 2km.
Along the beach are a diverse chain of high-stars hotels, luxury restaurants; not to mention a complex of dolphin, seal and sea-lions performance with 3000 seats stage under dome, designed in sail-shape, offering one of the largest entertaining centers in the Southeast Asia.
Additionally, tourist won’t be able to feel bored with numbers of artificial springs, natural waterfall, botanical garden, marine-life center, swimming pool and sports complex, are all waiting for you to explore.
Note: sand at Tuan Chau beach is artificial but on the bright side, the water is clean and calm.
3. Do Son Beach (Hai Phong)
Do Son Beach
20km to the Southeast of Hai Phong City is Do Son Beach. The place is lucky to possess relatively warm climate in winter but cool in summer that help it to attract customers to come for the whole year.
Do Son Beach is well-known for its smooth sand with coconut tree planted around that give swimmer a real glimpse of a typical tropical beach. In the past, it is used exclusively by lords and kings of feudal system. At present, the residence building of King Bao Dai (the last king of Vietnamese feudal system) is still preserving with its best condition.
Do Son Beach is divided into 3 sectors suitable for different needs of visitors: The first one located at the entrance of Do Son Town; the second one crowed with restaurants and hotels while the third one is appropriate for people who enjoy relaxing and peace.
4. Cat Ba Beach (Hai Phong)
Cat Ba Beach
Cat Ba Island is the biggest island among 1.969 islands in the complex islet of Ha Long Bay. The island is a fascinating combination of boundless sea, primitive forest, river, springs, caves, hills, valley and beautiful beaches with gold smooth sand.
Cat Ba’s climate is ideal for tourism with cool and fresh air. Coming to Cat Ba, tourists will attend a musical concert of in which performers are wind and waves: the sound of wave crashing into cliffs, strong wind blowing on beaches or the wild sound of wind hissing on the hill top or inside forests.
Also, tourist may hide a small boat to travel to Lan Ha Bay, or a chain of wonderful beaches with strange name like Cat Co, Ben Beo, Co Tien; and illusory caves like Trung Trang, Hoa Cuong or Thien Long. Additionally, sea-foods here are the most fresh ones may taste with a relatively low price compare to other sea provinces.
5. Hai Thinh Beach (Nam Dinh)
Hai Thinh beach
Located on Western Nam Dinh Province, Thinh Long Town, Hai hau District, Hai Thinh Beaches is a peaceful romantic beach which is a very clean beach with smooth sand and absolutely safe for swimmers.
The beach is always full of cool wind blowing, creating soft layer of steam on air that contributes to its natural romantic scenery. In addition, Hai Thinh Beach is still not very developed so tourist who like resting peacefully, forget about the busy and noisy of normal life or other famous beaches may find this an ideal choice.
The locals here are very friendly who offer tourist the most fresh and clean seafood as well as bets service ones may experience.
(VNO)

The Vietnam War Resources (Part2)



Operation Tailwind
In its June 15, 1998 issue Time Magazine ran a story under the combined bylines of April Oliver and Peter Arnett called "Did The U.S. Drop Nerve Gas?" The article alleged that U.S. Air Force cluster bombs filled with nerve gas. This website provides a good overview of the storyand its repercussions. Additional information maybe found on these sites:
The Legacy of Operation Tailwind
Operation Tailwind
Operation Tailwind--Excerpts from 1970 Command History
Operation Tailwind Review: Extract of U.S Air Force Report
Operation Tailwind Tangle
Report Summary: Operation Tailwind (U.S. Army)
The Roots of the Tailwind Hoax

An Oral History of the My Lai Massacre
Fertel Communications, a multi-media corporation promoting educational or literary projects, provides a useful website based on materials from a My Lai oral history conference held at Tulane University in 1994. The site includes information about the massacre, transcripts, resources, and videos (which are available for purchase) as well as information on the Ron Ridenhour lecture series that Fertel Communications sponsors which has included speakers such as journalists and authors David Halberstam and Phillip Caputo. This is a good starting point for information about My Lai.

Other websites relating to My Lai include:
Photo That Haunted the World
The BBC's anniversary site features an article on Kim Phuc, subject of the famous photograph. Links are included to a timeline, the BBC's Vietnamese service, a number of BBC articles on various subjects relating to the war, agent orange, My Lai, and Vietnam today, and to stories relating to the region. For additional information on Kim Phuc, see
:
Address At The United States Vietnam War Memorial
The Bigger Picture
Kim Foundation International
Kim Phuc's Testimony
The Kim Phuc Story
Kim's Story: The Road from Vietnam
Phan Thi Kim Phuc
Portraits of Vietnam - 1968
Paul Emma, a graduate of Philadelphia College of Art (now the University of the Arts), with a BFA in Photography served in Vietnam in 1968 as a Psychological Operations (PSY-OPS) photographer. As noted on this beautiful website, "Stationed in Bien Hoa, he grew to know and care for the Vietnamese people and in his time off-duty, he photographed the men, women and children whom he met, often times only with a Poloroid camera, or using film processed under inadequate conditions." The photographs are very powerful and give a wonderful view of Vietnam and its people. This is a must visit website.
Psywarrior: Psychological Operations
The Psywarrior website focuses on explaining the use of psychological warfare and includes an explanation and examples of its use in Vietnam and the Gulf War. Links to other psychological warfare sites, military and veterans Information, samples of Vietnam and Gulf War PSYOP leaflets, POW/MIA info, and information on the Son Tay POW rescue raid are included.

Radical Times: The Antiwar Movement of the 1960s
This well-designed, useful student-created site explores the antiwar movement and its effects on modern society. Included are a brief movie introducting the movement, a timeline, articles on various aspects of the war, politics and the antiwar movement, the effects of the movement on the war itself, counterculture, violent protest and campus unrest, a discussion forum, chat room, and Web links. For additional information on the 1960s, the counterculture, and the antiwar movement, see:
For information on anti-war protests comparing the Vietnam War to the war in Iraq, see:
Radio First Termer
This website pays tribute to Radio First Termer, a pirate radio station that operated in South Vietnam around 1971 and was hosted by Dave Rabbit. Radio First Termer offered military personnel in South Vietnam a largely irreverent alternative to Armed Forces Radio as well as protests against the war. Featured on this page are sound clips from broadcasts.

Recalling the Vietnam War
This useful history research site utilizes the Conversations with History archive, to study the complex environment in which decisions were made regarding Vietnam and American participation in the war the causes and consequences of U.S. decisions. Available at this site are audio tapes of and an interview with Former Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara in which he discusses the factors affecting President Johnson's Vietnam War decisions, and an interview with Neil Sheehan in which he discusses Vietnam-era leadership. Other participants in the conversation include: Tom Wicker, John Kenneth Gailbraith, Harry Summers, Daniel Ellsberg, and Oliver Stone. See also, Thoughts Engendered by Robert McNamara's In Retrospectby Harold P. Ford.

The Secret Vietnam War
Jeff Glasser, author of The Secret Vietnam War: U.S. Air Force in Thailand, 1961-1975 (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1995), has created a website that provides information from his book. Topics include the roots of American involvement, the buildup, and specific events during the war such as the Cambodian incursion, search and rescue operations, Linebacker I and II, and events in Indochina after the end of the war. Photographs and links to related sites are included.
The Tet Offensive and It's Aftermath
This essay by noted Vietnam scholar and teacher Edwin E. Moise, provides a valuable starting point for the study of the 1968 Tet Offensive and is part of the author's The Vietnam Wars. See also his Vietnam Bibliography. For additional information on the Tet Offensive, see:
Additonal Materials on the Tet Offensive
Battle for HueThe Cakewalk Operation
Mau Than Revisited
More About the 1968 Tet Offensive
The Silent Tears in Hue City
Surprised at Tet: U.S. Naval Forces in Vietnam, 1968
The Tet OffensiveTet Offensive: Hue City
The Tet Offensive 1968: General Vo Nguyen GiapTet Offensive: A Turning Point in the Vietnam War (marxist.com)
Tet Offensive: Turning Point in the Vietnam War
 
The 25th Anniversary of the Fall of Saigon
A number of special publications, television specials, and articles appeared for the 25th anniversary on April 29, 2000. The following are some of those available on the Web:
CNN In-Depth Special: Vietnam at 25
CNN's anniversary report, also called Vietnam: Echoes of War, includes a collection of useful articles on the following topics: Vietnam Today, Bridge Across the Water (U.S. Vietnam relations), America 25 Years After, the Boat People, Covering the War, Dien Bien Phu, Vietnam's Neighbors, Postcards from Vietnam (CNN producer Greg Phillips' trip to Vietnam), a Soldier's Diary (Max Cleland) and Photos from the War.

A Different War
The New York Times's anniversary special includes an audio feature, an experts discussion of the war and its aftermath, a multimedia look at Vietnam in 2000, The Times' coverage of the fall of Saigon and the aftermath (extensive), and memories, experiences and opinions in a section called Abuzz.

The Fall of Saigon 25 Years Later
The anniversary website of the Associated Press, which carries the subtitle America Still Mired in Vietnam 25 Years Later, includes links to both the Vietnamese and the American views of the aftermath of the war, a timeline, map. videos, analyses, and a look back at the war itself.

Photo That Haunted the World
The BBC's anniversary site features an article on Kim Phuc, subject of the famous photograph. Links are included to a timeline, the BBC's Vietnamese service, a number of BBC articles on various subjects relating to the war, agent orange, My Lai, and Vietnam today, and to stories relating to the region.
Revisiting Vietnam
National Public Radio's All Things Considered program's anniversary special includes a large audio collection of interviews and reports in addition to an online memory scrapbook and a link to American Radio Works which provides detailed reports and analysis, photographs, and resource links.

Vietnam 25 Years Later
The online magazine Salon's 25th anniversary special for the end of the Vietnam War includes a collection of articles providing information on John McCain's return to Vietnam for the anniversary, a retrospective on the war with reflections from authors and decision makers, and a RealMedia/Windows Media film of Barbara Sonneborn's documentary Regret to Inform.
Vietnam 25 Years Later
DefenseLink's site provides a series of stories about events marking the 25th anniversary of the Fall of Saigon with a section of related links. Featured is the visit of Secretary of Defense Willilaml S. Cohen

Vietnam 25 Years Later
AsiaSource's anniversary website provides articles, taken from a variety of sources (many from the BBC), on aspects of the war and its aftermath including information on Agent Orange, Cu Chi, the U.S. evacuation from Saigon, the photo of Kim Phuc, Vietnam today, and interviews with Bobbie Ann Mason, Michael Lind, Philip Caputo and Jonathan Schell on the lessons of the war.
 
The Viet Cong View of the Vietnam War
This interesting paper by noted Vietnam War scholar Douglas Pike was prepared for the Fourteenth Military History Symposium, Vietnam 1964-1973: An American Dilemma. U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado, October 11-19, 1990. For additional information on the Viet Cong, see:
Hanoi/Viet Cong View of the Vietnam War 
In Viet Cong Country
Taken Prisoners by the Viet Cong
Viet Cong
Viet Cong Program, 1962
Viet Cong RepressionViet Cong Tunnels
Vietnam Airdrop History
Vietnam Airdrop History focuses on the U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps "Riggers" who rigged the airdrops in Vietnam. The site includes lists of rigger units and members, photographs, unit histories, letters, documents, news clippings, and suggested readings.
Vietnam-USACommemorating the 30th anniversary of the fall of Saigon, Vietnam-USA is a beautiful, affecting website. Beginning with a series of quotes from Americans and Vietnamese, the animated site traces the chronology of the war with a useful timeline at the top of each page which links to information on each event. The site includes a photo gallery, stories, and web links.
Vietnam War Era Ephemera CollectionThe Vietnam War inspired poster, handouts, and other printed ephemera. The University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections division has created an online archive which brings many of these documents together in one place. The documents are divided into thematic categories, such as racism, socialism, farm workers, gay rights, and religion. 
Vietnam War Internet Project
The Vietnam War Internet Project is an educational organization providing information and documents about the various Indochina Wars and to the collection and electronic publication on the web of oral histories and memoirs of both those who served in and those who opposed those conflicts. Included on this large site are the archives of the moderated usenet discussion group soc.history.war.vietnam(SHWVN), an image library formerly housed at the Byrd Archive at Marshall University, a POW/MIA page that includes the full report of the Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA affairs, articles, bibliographies, memoirs, a memorabilia exchange, and a recommended reading list.
Vietnam War in the News
This very useful site is an edited review of Vietnam War related news and articles. Articles may be found on subjects such as battles and soldiers, special forces, the anti-war movement, films, Agent Orange, POW/MIA, women and wartime, Vietnam today, decorated heroes, art and propaganda, wartime stories, re-enactments, Hmong, Australian troops, politics and leaders, and more.
Wars for Viet Nam, 1945 to 1975
Developed around course materials for historian Robert Brigham's senior seminar on the Vietnam War at Vassar College, this valuable website provides an overview of the Vietnam War with links to numerous official documents, including several Hanoi documents unavailable elsewhere, and to veteran and Vietnamese cultural websites. Brigham was the first U.S. scholar given access to the Vietnamese archives on the war in Hanoi.

The Whole World Was Watching: An Oral History of 1968
This site, a joint project between South Kingstown High School (Rhode Island) and Brown University's Scholarly Technology Group, includes transcripts, audio recordings, and edited stories of Rhode Island residents who shared their memories of the events of 1968. Also included are a timeline glossary, and a bibliography.

For additional articles, documents, photographs, and Vietnam War history-related sites, see:
Air National Guard Mobilizations, 1968-1969
Battle Notes: Music of the Vietnam War
Brief History of Vietnam
The Center for Military History (U.S. Army)
Chronology of U.S.-Vietnam Relations
Clickable Map of Vietnam
Colby's Vietnam: History Misrepresented
Combat After Action Report: Vietnam 1969
The Crucible Called Vietnam
The Cu Chi Tunnels (film)
Draft Resistance in the Vietnam Era
History Research Online
Index of Vietnam Graphics
Learning and Researching U.S. History: The Vietnam War
Lima Site 85--Laos
Links for the Vietnam War
Lyndon Johnson and Vietnam
Military History on the Internet (scroll down)
Military Research on the Internet National Warplane Museum
Nuclear Age Timeline
Operation Babylift
The Pentago Papers: Secrets, Lies, and Audiotapes
Phoenix Program Bibliography
The Presidents (PBS' American Experience series)
Search the National Security Archive
Statistics About the Vietnam War
30-Year Anniversary: Tonkin Gulf Lie Launched the Vietnam War
TV News Archive
U.S. Involvement in Vietnam, 1964-1968 (PDF file)
Vietnam Era History Gallery
Vietnam Leaders
Vietnam Today
Viet Nam War Casualty Search
Vietnam War History and U.S. Politics
Vietnam War History Page

Vietnam War Master Resource Guide
Vietnam's Phoenix Program
War, Peace & Security Server 
Yahoo! The Vietnam War
Vietnam wargaming sites include:
Vietnam War sites in Spanish:
An article on Ho chi Minh in Italian:Ho Chi Minh: l'uomo, lo statista, il rivoluzionario